Scripting Languages, Perl, Tcl, Physical Verification sign-off flows and tools, PDK concepts, Physical Design implementation flow, Fusion Compiler, Foundry PDKs, ICC2, SVRF rule decks, Calibre, Innovus, ICV, Design Rules, Mixed-signal SOC environments, Backend design methodologies, Tech LEF, Custom IC design flows, Layouts, ESD reliability analysis, PERC methodologies